Understanding fitness and nutrition terminology can feel like learning a new language. With so much information out there, it’s easy to get lost in buzzwords that sound complex but are actually pretty simple when broken down.

Here’s a guide to some of the most commonly used terms in fitness and nutrition, so you can feel more confident on your wellness journey.

Macronutrients and micronutrients

Macronutrients, often called macros, are the nutrients your body needs in large amounts: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. These provide energy and support bodily functions like muscle repair, hormone production, energy for movement and brain activity.

Micronutrients, on the other hand, are vitamins and minerals that your body needs in smaller amounts but are equally important. They help with everything from immune function to bone health. A balanced diet includes both macros and micros to keep you feeling your best.

Caloric deficit and surplus

A caloric deficit happens when you consume fewer calories than your body uses, leading to weight loss. A caloric surplus happens when you consume more than you burn, which can result in weight gain. While often linked to dieting, these terms are also relevant for those looking to build strength, maintain energy levels, or support overall wellbeing.

Rather than obsessing over numbers, focusing on nourishing your body with quality foods while staying mindful of portion sizes can be a more sustainable approach.

Metabolic rate

Your metabolic rate is the number of calories your body needs to perform basic functions like breathing, circulation, and digestion. The Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) refers to the energy your body burns at rest, while Total Daily Energy Expenditure (TDEE) includes all activity, from workouts to daily movements.

Metabolism is influenced by factors such as age, muscle mass, and activity levels. Building muscle through resistance training and staying active can help support a healthy metabolism, which helps you burn more calories even while you’re resting.

Strength training and resistance training

Strength training and resistance training are often used interchangeably, but there’s a slight difference. Strength training focuses on increasing the amount of weight lifted over time, aiming for progressive overload. Resistance training includes any form of exercise that uses resistance—body weight, resistance bands, dumbbells, or machines—to challenge muscles and improve endurance, strength, and mobility.

Incorporating resistance training into your routine can help build strength, improve posture, and support bone health.

Reps and sets

These terms will come up in fitness programming – whether you’re following a written programme or being guided by an instructor, you’re likely to come across them.

Reps refers to repetitions – how many times you repeat an exercise. For example, Sumo Squat x 12 reps.

Sets refers to how many times you should complete the given amount of reps. For example, 2 sets of Sumo Squats x 12 reps (24 total).

Typically, you’ll take a short break in between the two sets, so you would complete 12 reps, have a breather and a sip of water, then complete your second set of 12.

Functional fitness

Functional fitness refers to exercises that mimic everyday movements, helping to improve strength, balance, and flexibility in a way that supports daily life. This can include squats (which replicate sitting and standing), lunges (which help with walking and bending), and overhead presses (which mimic reaching for high shelves).

The goal of functional training is to enhance overall movement efficiency, reduce injury risk, and build a body that works well in real-life situations.

Mindful eating

Mindful eating is about being present while eating, paying attention to hunger and fullness cues, and enjoying food without distractions. It encourages slowing down, savouring each bite, and recognising emotional eating triggers.

By practising mindful eating, you can develop a healthier relationship with food, reduce overeating, and better understand your body’s needs without relying on restrictive diets.

Gut health

Gut health refers to the balance of bacteria in your digestive system. A healthy gut supports digestion, immune function, and even mental wellbeing. Eating a variety of fibre-rich foods, fermented foods (like yoghurt and kimchi), and staying hydrated can contribute to a healthy gut microbiome.

Poor gut health can lead to bloating, sluggish digestion, and fatigue, so it’s worth paying attention to how different foods make you feel. Just because a food is generally considered to be healthy doesn’t necessarily mean it’s healthy for you.

Recovery and active recovery

Recovery is the time your body needs to repair and rebuild after exercise. It includes rest days, sleep, and nutrition. Without proper recovery, you may experience fatigue, soreness, setbacks, plateaus or even injury.

Active recovery involves low-intensity movement, such as walking, stretching, or yoga, to promote blood flow and reduce muscle stiffness while still allowing your body to recover. Both are essential for long-term progress and overall wellbeing.

Hydration and electrolytes

Hydration isn’t just about drinking water; it’s also about maintaining a balance of electrolytes—minerals like sodium, potassium, and magnesium that help regulate fluid levels, muscle function, and nerve signals.

Sweating, exercise, and even daily activities can deplete electrolytes, so replenishing them through a balanced diet or drinks containing natural electrolytes (like coconut water) can be beneficial.

To sum up

Understanding common fitness and nutrition terms can make navigating your health journey much easier. Rather than getting caught up in buzzwords, focusing on balance, consistency, and sustainable habits will always be the best approach. No matter where you are in your journey, small, intentional choices add up over time, leading to long-term wellbeing.

Image/Depositphotos.com